GUT MICROBIOTA-RELATED DIETARY PATTERNS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG ADULTS: A HOSPITAL-BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
ABSTRACT
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns influence metabolic health through modulation of the gut microbiota. However, data on gut microbiota-related dietary patterns and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults remain limited, particularly in hospital-based settings. The objective of the study is to identify gut microbiota-related dietary patterns and examine their association with metabolic syndrome and its components among adults attending a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 adults aged 18–65 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive gut microbiota-related dietary patterns. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2006 criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between dietary pattern adherence and metabolic syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders.
Result: Three major dietary patterns were identified: Fiber-Rich and Fermented Foods Pattern, Traditional Pattern, and Processed Food Pattern. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38.9%. Participants in the highest tertile of adherence to the Fiber-Rich and Fermented Foods Pattern had a significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with those in the lowest tertile (25.4% vs. 51.7%, p<0.001). After adjustment for confounding variables, high adherence to the Fiber-Rich Pattern was associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24–0.72; p=0.002), whereas high adherence to the Processed Food Pattern was associated with increased odds (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.37–3.90; p=0.001). Significant inverse associations were also observed for elevated fasting glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, and central obesity.
Conclusion: Greater adherence to fiber-rich and fermented-food dietary patterns was associated with reduced odds of metabolic syndrome, while processed-food dietary patterns were linked to increased metabolic risk. Microbiota-oriented dietary strategies may contribute to the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
Keywords: Gut microbiota, Dietary patterns, Metabolic syndrome, Fermented foods, Dietary fiber, Principal component analysis, Obesity, Cardiometabolic health.
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns influence metabolic health through modulation of the gut microbiota. However, data on gut microbiota-related dietary patterns and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults remain limited, particularly in hospital-based settings. The objective of the study is to identify gut microbiota-related dietary patterns and examine their association with metabolic syndrome and its components among adults attending a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 adults aged 18–65 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive gut microbiota-related dietary patterns. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2006 criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between dietary pattern adherence and metabolic syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders.
Result: Three major dietary patterns were identified: Fiber-Rich and Fermented Foods Pattern, Traditional Pattern, and Processed Food Pattern. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38.9%. Participants in the highest tertile of adherence to the Fiber-Rich and Fermented Foods Pattern had a significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with those in the lowest tertile (25.4% vs. 51.7%, p<0.001). After adjustment for confounding variables, high adherence to the Fiber-Rich Pattern was associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24–0.72; p=0.002), whereas high adherence to the Processed Food Pattern was associated with increased odds (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.37–3.90; p=0.001). Significant inverse associations were also observed for elevated fasting glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, and central obesity.
Conclusion: Greater adherence to fiber-rich and fermented-food dietary patterns was associated with reduced odds of metabolic syndrome, while processed-food dietary patterns were linked to increased metabolic risk. Microbiota-oriented dietary strategies may contribute to the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
Keywords: Gut microbiota, Dietary patterns, Metabolic syndrome, Fermented foods, Dietary fiber, Principal component analysis, Obesity, Cardiometabolic health.
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